They had the first functioning device in the beginning of 1931. The first cyclotron, which is a compact particle accelerator that can fit in a room, was constructed by Ernest Laurence and his student M. However, for many other isotopes the cyclotron is indispensable. For some radionuclides, reactor use is the best route. When isotopes are intended for use with patients, it is important to consider the cost and the yield of the production. Those can be produced in a particle accelerator via proton bombardment. These are beta particle emitters with short decay time used extensively in positron emission tomography (PET) studies. While highly efficient, the energies achieved in them are insufficient for producing several other medically important isotopes, e. Nuclear reactors are relatively big facilities that produce isotopes by neutron bombardment. Technetium radioisotope Tc99m is produced in a reactor from the fission-product Molybdenum Mo99 and is one of the most used isotopes in diagnostic nuclear imaging today. In addition, it provided valuable insights in the insulin metabolism, and has been used to develop radioimmunoassays. I-131 has been used to study thyroid metabolism. #ALCHEMISTRY DISSION TOO SLOW GENERATOR#With the developments in generator technology in the 1960s, the fission products from this controlled release of nuclear energy, like radioactive iodine I -131 and technetium 99m, can be found in applications in nuclear medicine that are used until today. "Radioactivity induced by neutron bombardment." Nature 133, no. "Artificial radioactivity produced by neutron bombardment." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.
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